Hackers are categorized into the following classes:

* Black Hat Hackers (Crackers): These are persons who are computer specialists and use their hacking skills to carry out malicious attacks on information systems.
* Gray Hat Hackers: These are persons who sometimes do not break laws and help to defend a network, but sometimes act as Black Hat Hackers.
* White Hat Hackers (Ethical Hackers): These are persons who have excellent computer skills and use their knowledge to secure information systems.
* Security Providing Organizations:
Some organizations and communities also provide security to information systems.

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Understanding /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow

Q. Can you explain /etc/passwd file format for Linux and UNIX operating systems? A. /etc/passwd file stores essential information, which is required during login i.e. user account information. /etc/passwd is

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Zlob hacker writes love letter to Microsoft

Here’s a new way to get Microsoft to pay attention to you: slip a brief message into the malicious Trojan horse program you just wrote. That’s what an unnamed Russian

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Basic Remote File Inclusion

Basic Remote File Inclusion DefinitionRemote file inclusion, commonly known as RFI is a form of attack where the attacker trys to inject there own php code inside your php app’s.

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