The countermeasures to a buffer overflow are as follows:
* Perform manual auditing of the code.
* Stack execution should be disabled.
* Take the support of the functions which are not the cause of the buffer overflow.
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* Take compiler support. For example, Java automatically checks if an array index is within the proper bounds. Use compilers such as Java instead of C to avoid buffer overflow attacks. Use tools such as StackGuard and Immunix System to avoid buffer overflows.
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It is quite difficult to overcome sniffer attacks. However, the following steps can be taken as countermeasures against such attacks: * Use encrypted protocols for all communication. * Segment the