In the pre-attack phase, there are seven steps, which have been defined by the EC-Council, as follows:
1. Information gathering
2. Determining network range
3. Identifying active machines
4. Finding open ports and applications
5. OS fingerprinting
6. Fingerprinting services
7. Mapping the network
Email Servers and PortsThere are two servers required for sending and receiving email, i.e. the SMTP and POP servers. ## Incoming and Outgoing Mail Servers # Incoming Mail Server# :
Hackers are categorized into the following classes: * Black Hat Hackers (Crackers): These are persons who are computer specialists and use their hacking skills to carry out malicious attacks on